One state one vote
Power divided
State
National
Congress
Powers
Declare war
Make peace and sign treaties
borrow money
Set standards for coins and for weights and measures
Establish a post office
Deal with the Indians
Problems
National powers required cooperation of states
No national control over interstate trade
No control over foreign trade
No power to collect taxes
All states had to agree to any changes in the Articles
National government in general very weak
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Based on plan suggested by Jefferson
Divided land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi into
territories
Territories with 5000 voting residents could elect their own government
When total population reached 60,000 they could write a constitution and
become a state
Called for creation of public schools
No slavery
Indian rights-ignored
Established an orderly procedure for creating new states that lasted more
than a century
Leaders began to separate along state and national lines
James Madison called for a convention in Philadelphia in 1787
Philosophical principles
Man is motivated by self interest
Society consists of many different interests
Each favors his own interest over that of society
Interests balance against one another so no one becomes too powerfull
Pluralism
Majority rule v. Minority rights
Fear of the masses by the wealthy few
Fear of demagogue
Compromises
Great or Connecticut
Virginia Plan
Lower house would be elected by voters
Upper house would be elected by the lower
Representation based on population
Both houses would vote for a national executive and judiciary
New Jersey Plan
One house
Equal representation
House would appoint executive and high court
Roger Sherman proposed two house legislature
Upper
Equal
Elected by state legislatures
Lower
Population
Three-fifths
Slave trade
Powers divided
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
